chore(packaging): Enable support for versioning Git archives

[webknjaz]

It's a follow-up to #735 that lacks this property. It's also an internal change.

It essentially allows one to

$ pip install https://github.com/antonbabenko/pre-commit-terraform/archive/339c31a.tar.gz

and get a correctly computed version in the installed metadata.

Put an x into the box if that apply:

• This PR introduces breaking change.
• This PR fixes a bug.
• This PR adds new functionality.
• This PR enhances existing functionality.
• This PR is an internal change that the end-users won't notice.

Description of your changes

See above.

How can we test changes

$ pip install https://github.com/antonbabenko/pre-commit-terraform/archive/339c31a.tar.gz

[MaxymVlasov]

I suppose that's why you marked it as draft?

via pre-commit-terraform 
➜ pip install https://github.com/antonbabenko/pre-commit-terraform/archive/339c31a.tar.gz
Collecting https://github.com/antonbabenko/pre-commit-terraform/archive/339c31a.tar.gz
  Downloading https://github.com/antonbabenko/pre-commit-terraform/archive/339c31a.tar.gz
     - 102.1 kB 2.2 MB/s 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [39 lines of output]
      fatal: not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "/home/vm/code/0-other/open-source/pre-commit-terraform/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "/home/vm/code/0-other/open-source/pre-commit-terraform/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
        File "/home/vm/code/0-other/open-source/pre-commit-terraform/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 152, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
          whl_basename = backend.build_wheel(metadata_directory, config_settings)
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_b8t2yj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/hatchling/build.py", line 58, in build_wheel
          return os.path.basename(next(builder.build(directory=wheel_directory, versions=['standard'])))
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_b8t2yj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/hatchling/builders/plugin/interface.py", line 90, in build
          self.metadata.validate_fields()
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_b8t2yj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/hatchling/metadata/core.py", line 265, in validate_fields
          _ = self.version
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_b8t2yj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/hatchling/metadata/core.py", line 149, in version
          self._version = self._get_version()
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_b8t2yj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/hatchling/metadata/core.py", line 244, in _get_version
          core_metadata = self.core
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_b8t2yj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/hatchling/metadata/core.py", line 196, in core
          metadata_hook.update(self.core_raw_metadata)
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_b8t2yj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/hatch_vcs/metadata_hook.py", line 45, in update
          urls[key] = formatter.format(url)
        File "/usr/lib/python3.10/string.py", line 161, in format
          return self.vformat(format_string, args, kwargs)
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_b8t2yj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/hatchling/utils/context.py", line 143, in vformat
          result, _ = self._vformat(format_string, args, kwargs, used_args, 10)
        File "/usr/lib/python3.10/string.py", line 218, in _vformat
          result.append(self.format_field(obj, format_spec))
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_b8t2yj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/hatchling/utils/context.py", line 161, in format_field
          return self.__formatters[formatter](value, data)
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_b8t2yj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/hatch_vcs/metadata_hook.py", line 39, in <lambda>
          'commit_hash': lambda *args: vcs_utils.get_commit_hash(self.root),
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-f_b8t2yj/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/hatch_vcs/vcs_utils.py", line 10, in get_commit_hash
          return subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'], cwd=root).decode('utf-8').strip()
        File "/usr/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 421, in check_output
          return run(*popenargs, stdout=PIPE, timeout=timeout, check=True,
        File "/usr/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 526, in run
          raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
      subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD']' returned non-zero exit status 128.
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

[webknjaz]

Yep: ofek/hatch-vcs#80. I'm withdrawing the effort until I hear from the upstream.