BUG: value_counts() check Index with PyArrow categorical columns

pandas/core/arrays/categorical.py

@@ -447,7 +447,10 @@ def __init__(
             if isinstance(values.dtype, ArrowDtype) and issubclass(
                 values.dtype.type, CategoricalDtypeType
             ):
-                arr = values._pa_array.combine_chunks()
+                if values.__class__.__name__ == 'Index':
+                    arr = values._data._pa_array.combine_chunks()
+                else:
+                    arr = values._pa_array.combine_chunks()
                 categories = arr.dictionary.to_pandas(types_mapper=ArrowDtype)
                 codes = arr.indices.to_numpy()
                 dtype = CategoricalDtype(categories, values.dtype.pyarrow_dtype.ordered)

pandas/tests/arrays/categorical/test_dtypes.py

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import numpy as np
+import pyarrow as pa
 import pytest
 
-from pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes import CategoricalDtype
+from pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes import (
+    ArrowDtype,
+    CategoricalDtype,
+)
 
 from pandas import (
     Categorical,
@@ -136,3 +140,17 @@ def test_interval_index_category(self):
             [0, 1], [1, 2], dtype="interval[uint64, right]"
         )
         tm.assert_index_equal(result, expected)
+
+    def test_values_is_index():
+        # GH 60563
+        values = Index(["a1", "a2"], dtype=ArrowDtype(pa.string()))
+        arr = values._data._pa_array.combine_chunks()
+
+        assert arr.equals(values._data._pa_array.combine_chunks())
+
+    def test_values_is_not_index():
+        # GH 60563
+        values = Series(["a1", "a2"], dtype=ArrowDtype(pa.string()))
+        arr = values._pa_array.combine_chunks()
+
+        assert arr.equals(values._pa_array.combine_chunks())